Desarrollo de Películas, Basadas en Almidón Oxidado de Ipomea Batatas,con Encapsulación de Proteínas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17488/RMIB.42.2.10Palabras clave:
Andamios, Oxidación, Almidón, Biomaterial, Aplicaciones biomédicasResumen
Los almidones oxidados o dialdehídos (DAS) se han utilizado como biomateriales debido a su biocompatibilidad y biodegradabilidad; sin embargo, el almidón de camote (Ipomea batatas L.) no ha sido investigado en este campo. Se han desarrollado películas basadas en DAS de camote, mezclado con almidón nativo (NS), alcohol polivinílico (PVA) y glicerina para encapsular una proteína modelo (albúmina de suero bovino, BSA), utilizando un diseño compuesto central (CCD) y metodología de superficie (RSM). Las variables de entrada fueron el grado de oxidación, la concentración de NS y el volumen de la mezcla polimérica, mientras que las variables de salida fueron el espesor de la película, el hinchamiento de equilibrio y la liberación de BSA. El DAS se obtuvo mediante oxidación con peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2), y el grado de oxidación se expresa como la concentración de H2O2. Microscopía electrónica de barrido reveló una superficie rugosa y las formulaciones que contenían 10% H2O2 DAS presentaron microporos. La absorción de agua fue mayor con DAS que con almidón nativo, debido a sus grupos hidroxilo mostrados en los espectros infrarrojos con transformada de Fourier. El espesor de la película dependió del volumen de la suspensión polimérica e influyó en la capacidad de hinchamiento; las películas más gruesas absorbieron menos agua. Según RSM, la formulación óptima fue DAS con 5% H2O2 y 35% NS. El almidón de camote oxidado tiene potencial para aplicaciones de biomateriales, puesto que las películas desarrolladas con él pueden encapsular una proteína y liberarla de forma controlada.
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