Panorama Científico y Técnico sobre Propiocepción Artificial en Prótesis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17488/RMIB.46.1.1465Palabras clave:
dispositivos biomecatrónicos, propiocepción artificial, prótesis, retroalimentación sensorial, tecnología de rehabilitaciónResumen
La propiocepción es la capacidad del cuerpo para percibir su posición y movimiento, que desempeña un papel crucial en el control motor, y su pérdida tras una amputación plantea importantes retos a los usuarios de prótesis. La propiocepción artificial es un avance innovador para mejorar la respuesta sensorial y el control motor de las prótesis. Esta revisión presenta una visión global de la investigación actual y los avances tecnológicos en Propiocepción Artificial, centrándose en los mecanismos de retroalimentación sensorial, los sistemas de interfaz neural y la integración de la biomecatrónica. Con un interés creciente en la restauración de la retroalimentación sensorial para amputados, este trabajo explora innovaciones clave como la estimulación electrotáctil y vibrotáctil, la inteligencia artificial y las interfaces neurales que permiten un control protésico más natural e intuitivo. La metodología incluyó la revisión de estudios de bases de datos como Scopus, Web of Science y PubMed sobre retroalimentación propioceptiva en prótesis en los últimos años. Se evalúa la investigación relacionada con la retroalimentación sensorial, los niveles de amputación, las interfaces neurales y los avances tecnológicos, analizando los artículos por mecanismos de retroalimentación. El artículo concluye con un debate sobre posibles desarrollos futuros, incluidos dispositivos protésicos más avanzados y centrados en el usuario que aborden las necesidades sensoriales de los amputados y mejoren su calidad de vida.
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